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Memory Management

Devang Dixit

Aug 15, 2024

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Memory management in an operating system is a crucial function that involves handling and coordinating computer memory. Here are some key points about it:

Definition: Memory management is the process of controlling and coordinating computer memory, assigning portions called blocks to various running programs to optimize overall system performance.
Main Memory: The main memory, also known as RAM (Random Access Memory), is where programs and data are kept when the processor is actively using them. It is volatile, meaning it loses its data when the power is turned off.
Functions:Allocation and Deallocation: Allocating memory to processes when they need it and deallocating it when they are done.
Tracking Memory Usage: Keeping track of each memory location, whether it is allocated to some process or is free.
Minimizing Fragmentation: Reducing both internal and external fragmentation to make efficient use of memory.
Techniques:Paging: Dividing memory into fixed-size pages and managing them.
Segmentation: Dividing memory into variable-sized segments based on the logical divisions of a program.
Swapping: Moving processes between main memory and disk to ensure that the CPU always has processes to execute.
Address Spaces:Logical Address Space: The address generated by the CPU.

Physical Address Space: The actual location in the memory unit.

Memory management ensures that the system runs efficiently and that processes have the necessary memory to execute without interfering with each other 2

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