A deadlock in an operating system is a situation where a group of processes becomes stuck because each process is waiting for a resource that another process in the group is holding. This creates a cycle where no process can continue because each one is dependent on another process in the set to release a resource.
[Deadlock OS mein tab hota hai jab ek group of processes ek doosre ka wait karte reh jaate hain, kyunki har process ko woh resource chahiye hota hai jo doosra process hold kar raha hai. Deadlock ke liye 4 conditions hoti hain:
1. **Mutual Exclusion**: Ek resource ek time pe sirf ek process ke paas hota hai.
2. **Hold and Wait**: Process ek resource hold karte hue doosre resources ka wait karta hai.
3. **No Preemption**: Resources forcibly liye nahi ja sakte, bas voluntary release hote hain.
4. **Circular Wait**: Ek process doosre ka, doosra teesre ka, aur teesra pehle wale process ka wait kar raha hota hai.
Isko handle karne ke tareeke:
1. **Prevention**: Deadlock hone wali conditions ko avoid karna.
2. **Avoidance**: Aise resource allocate karna ki deadlock na ho.
3. **Detection and Recovery**: Deadlock ko detect karke usko theek karna.
4. **Ignoring**: Kabhi kabhi deadlock ignore bhi kar diya jata hai, agar woh rare ho.
Short mein, deadlocks ko avoid, detect ya recover karke manage kiya jata hai.]
