Evolution of Operating System

Operating system is a interface between computer , user and hardware.

It is a collection odf set of set of programs.

It performs all basic tasks like filr management , memory management , controlling peripheral devices.

It is helpful for the interaction or communication between human and computer.

• FIRST GENERATION:-
  1. It was introduced in 1945 - 1955
  2. Operating system were not used in this generation only hardware were used.
  3. In this generation only electronic machines were introduced.
  4. They used to consume more electricity and used to generate lots of heat.
  5. This systems were also called as serial processing.
  6. Hardware like vaccum tubes and play borad were used.
  7. Example:Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer(ENIVAC) and UNIVAC-1.
• SECOND GENERATION:-
  1. It was introduced in 1955-1965
  2. Batch systems were inctroduced.
  3. Trasistors were introduced due to this electricity was less used compared to first generation.
  4. This generation laid the foundation for multitasking.
  5. While input/output operations processor had to remain idle.
  6. Example:IBM 1401, IBM 1920, etc.
• THIRD GENERATION:-
  1. It was introduced in 1965 -1980.
  2. Multuple users were able to work simultaneously
  3. One of the feature was multiple programming/multitasking.
  4. we got feature of online storage for system programs, user program and data, program libraries.
  5.  Integrated circuits (IC's) were used.
  6. The problem of starvation was overtaken in third generation. 
  7. Example: CDC 1700, IBM-360 Series, etc.
• FOURTH GENERATION:-
  1. It was introduced in 1980 - now.
  2. microprocessors and personal computers were introduced.
  3. Fourth-generation computers utilized microprocessors, which integrated the central processing unit (CPU) into a single silicon chip.
  4. Rise of conputer networking was seen.
  5. Fourth generation provides Graphical User Interface(GUI) this is one of the main feature of fourth generation.
  6. The Graphics User Interface (GUI) technology was used to provide users with better comfort. During this time, PCs became more inexpensive and widespread.
  7. The processing power, or speed, has skyrocketed.
  8. This generation of computers had the first “supercomputers” that could perform many calculations accurately also they used networking and higher and more complicated languages as their inputs like  C, C+, C++, DBASE.
  9. The fourth generation of computers contains five separate units and they are input, arithmetic and logic, memory, output, and control units.
  10. Some fourth generation computers are STAR 1000, CRAY-X-MP(Super Computer), DEC 10, PDP 11, and CRAY-1
  11. Example:Apple, CRAY-1,etc.
• FIFTH GENERATION:-
  1. It is primarily based totally on Artificial intelligence (AI) software.
  2. they aim to mimic hu,an thinking and behaviour, making them fascinating area of research and development.
  3. Example:PARAM 10000, IBM notebooks, etc.